Frequently Asked Questions About Gastroscopy: A Patient-Friendly Guide

16-08-25

Digestive problems are very common today, ranging from acidity and gastritis to ulcers and more serious conditions. When symptoms like persistent heartburn, indigestion, abdominal pain, or difficulty swallowing continue, doctors often recommend a gastroscopy.

But for many patients, the idea of undergoing a gastroscopy can feel overwhelming or even scary. Questions like “Will it hurt?”, “How do I prepare?”, or “What will doctors find?” are completely normal.

This blog is designed as a patient-friendly guide that answers the most frequently asked questions about gastroscopy—helping you understand the procedure, its benefits, and what to expect.

What is a Gastroscopy?

Gastroscopy, also called upper GI endoscopy, is a medical procedure used to examine the upper part of your digestive system:

Esophagus (food pipe)
Stomach
Duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

A thin, flexible tube with a camera, called a gastroscope, is passed through the mouth and down the throat. This allows doctors to look inside and identify any problems.

Why is a Gastroscopy Done?

Doctors recommend gastroscopy when patients have symptoms such as:

Persistent indigestion or heartburn
Unexplained abdominal pain
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Vomiting blood or black stools
Suspected ulcers or gastritis
Monitoring for esophageal or stomach cancer

It’s not only diagnostic—it can also be therapeutic, meaning doctors can treat certain problems during the procedure. For example, they can stop bleeding, remove small growths, or take biopsies (tissue samples).

Is Gastroscopy Painful?

This is the most common concern. The truth is:

Gastroscopy is not usually painful, but it can feel slightly uncomfortable.
Before the test, doctors often give a throat spray to numb the area.
In many cases, sedation (a light sleep medicine) is given so patients feel relaxed and don’t remember much about the procedure.

Most patients report only mild discomfort and a sore throat afterward.

How Should I Prepare for a Gastroscopy?

Preparation is simple but important:

Do not eat or drink for at least 6–8 hours before the test.
Inform your doctor about any medications, especially blood thinners, diabetes medicines, or heart medications.
Arrange for someone to drive you home if you’re having sedation.

Following these steps ensures a safe and smooth procedure.

How Long Does a Gastroscopy Take?

The procedure itself usually takes 10–20 minutes.

If biopsies are taken or small treatments are done, it may take a little longer.
Including preparation and recovery time, expect to be at the hospital for 1–2 hours.

What Happens During the Procedure?

Here’s a simple breakdown:

You will lie on your side.
A local anesthetic throat spray is given. Sedation may also be used.
The doctor gently passes the gastroscope through your mouth into the stomach.
The camera transmits images to a screen, allowing the doctor to check for problems.
Biopsies may be taken if necessary.

You will be able to breathe normally throughout.

What Happens After a Gastroscopy?

You’ll rest until the sedation wears off.
Mild sore throat, bloating, or burping is common.
You can usually eat and drink after 1–2 hours.
Avoid driving, operating machinery, or making important decisions for 24 hours if sedation was used.

Are There Any Risks?

Gastroscopy is a very safe test. Risks are rare but may include:

Temporary sore throat
Minor bleeding (if biopsy is taken)
Very rare complications like infection or perforation

Your doctor will explain these in detail before the procedure.

What Conditions Can Gastroscopy Detect?

Gastroscopy can identify a wide range of digestive problems, including:

Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)
Peptic ulcers
Acid reflux damage (esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus)
Hiatal hernia
Polyps or tumors
Early signs of stomach or esophageal cancer

This makes it a powerful tool for early detection and prevention.

Do I Need to Repeat a Gastroscopy?

Whether you need another gastroscopy depends on:

Your diagnosis
Treatment progress
Presence of high-risk conditions (like Barrett’s esophagus or family history of cancer)

Your doctor will recommend follow-ups if necessary.

Conclusion

A gastroscopy is one of the most effective, safe, and informative procedures for diagnosing and managing digestive health issues. While it may sound intimidating, it is quick, well-tolerated, and often life-saving by detecting serious conditions early.

If your doctor has advised a gastroscopy, don’t panic—understanding the process makes it much easier. Think of it as a simple window into your digestive system that helps doctors keep your health in check.

Your health matters—don’t delay important tests that could give you peace of mind and better treatment options.